The pelvic floor is a group of muscles, ligaments, and tissues that form a hammock-like structure at the base of your pelvis.
These muscles play a vital role in supporting the pelvic organs, including the bladder, uterus, and bowel. During pregnancy, the pelvic floor undergoes significant changes to adapt to the growing baby and prepare the body for childbirth. Here’s a detailed look at what happens to this essential group of muscles during pregnancy.
- Increased Load on the Pelvic Floor
As the baby grows, the weight of the uterus, placenta, and amniotic fluid increases. This added load places extra strain on the pelvic floor muscles, requiring them to work harder to support the pelvic organs. Over time, this pressure can weaken the muscles if they are not adequately prepared or supported. This is why many pregnant individuals experience symptoms such as urinary incontinence, especially during activities like sneezing, coughing, or laughing. - Hormonal Changes
Pregnancy hormones, including relaxin and progesterone, play a crucial role in preparing the body for childbirth. These hormones relax the ligaments and connective tissues in the pelvis, making them more flexible and elastic. While this is essential for labor and delivery, it can also make the pelvic floor muscles more vulnerable to overstretching and strain. Additionally, hormonal changes can affect the bladder and bowel, contributing to symptoms like increased urgency or constipation. - Increased Intra-Abdominal Pressure
As the uterus expands, it pushes against other abdominal organs, increasing pressure within the abdomen. This pressure is transmitted to the pelvic floor, which can struggle to manage the added force. Activities that further increase intra-abdominal pressure, such as lifting heavy objects or straining during bowel movements, can exacerbate the load on the pelvic floor, potentially leading to issues like pelvic organ prolapse. - Preparation for Birth
The pelvic floor muscles play a vital role in vaginal delivery. During labor, these muscles stretch to their maximum capacity to allow the baby to pass through the birth canal. While this process is natural, it can sometimes cause trauma to the pelvic floor, leading to tears, weakness, or nerve damage. Even individuals who deliver via cesarean section may experience pelvic floor changes due to the pregnancy itself and the strain of carrying a baby.
What Can You Do to Support Your Pelvic Floor During Pregnancy?
- Pelvic Floor Exercises (Kegels):
Strengthening the pelvic floor muscles through regular exercises can help them better support the weight of pregnancy and prepare for childbirth. - Diaphragmatic Breathing:
Learning to coordinate your breath with pelvic floor movements can improve muscle function and relaxation. - Proper Posture and Body Mechanics:
Avoid activities that strain the pelvic floor, such as heavy lifting or excessive straining. - Seek Professional Help:
A pelvic health physiotherapist can assess your pelvic floor and provide personalized advice and exercises to maintain strength and function throughout pregnancy.
When to Seek Help
If you experience symptoms such as persistent urinary leakage, pelvic pain, or a heavy sensation in your pelvis, it’s important to seek advice from a healthcare professional. Early intervention can prevent further complications and help you recover more effectively after childbirth.
Your pelvic floor is an incredible part of your body, adapting and supporting you through pregnancy and beyond. By understanding these changes and taking proactive steps, you can maintain its health and function for years to come.